Top Genealogy Magazines for Family History Enthusiasts

Film Analysis Of Dune Film Essay - 1669 Words

Dune is a film based on Frank Herbert’s award-winning book by the same name. The movie was written and directed by David Lynch. Dune was released in 1984 and was considered by most critics a failure. The plot takes place on the desolate, arid planet called Arrakis, otherwise known as Dune. Dune is the only planet in the universe in which a very valuable substance is created beneath the depths of the sand by giant worms. This substance is a spice called melange. Melange is critical to space travel. It also increases awareness, prolongs life, and can unlock prescience is some of the movies characters. Two major universal powers, House Atreides and House Harkonnens, are disputing control over Dune. A hero, Paul Atreides, leads the Dune†¦show more content†¦Throughout the movie Paul’s ability to fight cannot be matched. First, after displaying superb use of a lasgun, his mentor, Gurney Halleck proclaims Paul’s abilities with the weapon is â€Å"precise and controlled† (00:14:00). Later, Paul fends off an attack from the highly skilled native Fremen (who he later befriends) (1:12:26). As the western hero, Paul’s ability with weapons and fighting cannot be matched throughout the film. Violence is not only used by Paul. In westerns, the enemy is almost always the first to display a violent act. As Robert Warshow stated, â€Å"With the Westerner, it is a crucial point of honor not to ‘do it first’; his gun remains in his holster until the moment of combat† (438). Falling into the patterns and stereotypes of a Western, In Dune, the enemies of the Atreides, the Harkonnens attack Paul first with a trap in his own home (00:48:00). Paul and his family are aware The Harkonnens are prepared for violence and war but, the Atreides, known for their honor refuse to attack first or retaliate quickly. As the hero, Paul remains calm and composed, waiting for the proper time for a planned attack. The final display of vio lence is a knife battle between Paul and the nephew of the main antagonist Baron Vladimir Harkonnen, Feyd Rautha (1:48:00). They circle each other, surrounded by a ring of friends and foe. Feyd Rautha even goes as far as to proclaim â€Å"I will killShow MoreRelatedPost-Modern Analysis of Hr Gigers The Birth Machine3361 Words   |  14 PagesA Postmodern analysis of H.R. Gigers: The Birth Machine Contents 1. Introduction to Essay: Premodern, Modern and Post Modern Art 2. The Artist, Hans Rudi Giger and The Birth Machine 3. The Birth Machine 4. Picture: The Birth Machine 5. The Philosophical Narrative a. My chosen philosophical narrative (Postmodernism) b. Analysis of the piece through postmodernism 6. The Poem: Der Atom Kinder 7. Critical Evaluation 8. Conclusion 9. Picture: Bullet Baby and Iron Cast Copy 10. BibliographyRead More Post-Modern Analysis Of Hr Gigers the birth machine Essay3292 Words   |  14 Pages A Postmodern analysis of H.R. Gigers: quot;The Birth Machinequot; Contents 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Introduction to Essay: Premodern, Modern and Post Modern Art 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Artist, Hans Rudi Giger and quot;The Birth Machinequot; 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;The Birth Machinequot; 4.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Picture: quot;The Birth Machinequot; 5.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Philosophical Narrative a.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;MyRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesBritish authors wrote novels inspired by it.[10][11] In the 20th century, it spread to Germany, Britain,[12] France,[13][14] and several other countries around the globe.[15] The genre translates fairly directly into cinematic form, the coming-of-age film. Plot outline[edit] A Bildungsroman relates the growing up or coming of age of a sensitive person who goes in search of answers to life s questions with the expectation that these will result from gaining experience of the world. The genre evolvedRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLine 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics

Stolen Valor Act free essay sample

Why cant we try to deter willful misrepresentations of fact by a modest fine, at least, if they create direct harm to others? Lies to those evaluating your credentials may do direct harm to others. If one lies to gain a job, something which seems to happen with increasing frequency, isn’t it a direct harm to others? Or, how about false representing as having received any credentials for something? The Stolen Valor Act of 2005, signed into law by President George W. Bush on December 20, 2006,[1] was a U. S. law that broadened the provisions of previous U. S. aw addressing the unauthorized wear, manufacture, or sale of any military decorations and medals. The law made it a federal misdemeanor to falsely represent oneself as having received any U. S. military decoration or medal. If convicted, defendants might have been imprisoned for up to six months, unless the decoration lied about is the Medal of Honor, in which case imprisonment could have been up to one year (Wikipedia). I personally don’t have any family members in the military, but I know friends who are in the military and I know they would be highly offended if someone falsely represented themselves to be a member of the military. Those men and women who serve our country risk their lives and have put work into whatever credentials they have earned and it is a great disrespect for anyone to falsely give oneself credit for something they have not earned. The purpose of the Act was to strengthen the provisions of federal law by broadening its scope and strengthening penalties. Specific new provisions in the Act included: †¢granting more authority to federal law enforcement officers; †¢broadening the law to cover false claims whereas previously an overt act had to be committed; †¢covering the mailing and shipping of medals; and protecting the reputation and meaning of military heroism medals. The Act made it illegal for unauthorized persons to wear, buy, sell, barter, trade, or manufacture any decoration or medal authorized by Congress for the armed forces of the United States, or any of the service medals or badges awarded to the members of such forces. In the 18 months after the act was enacted, the Chicago Tribune estimated there were twenty prosecutions. The number increased as awareness of the law spread (Wikipedia). The number of prosecutions continued to increase. Therefore, it was very clear that this was a tremendous issue and that the Stolen Valor Act was serving its purpose. Unfortunately, the majority disagreed saying that there is no proof that lying about medals degrades the value and honor of those who have actually earned those medals. Who could possibly agree to this? Well, government lawyers argued that lies about military medals are false statements that have no value and hence no first Amendment protection. On Thursday September 13, 2012, the U. S. House of Representatives passed a new version of the Stolen Valor Act. The first version of the Stolen Valor Act was struck down by the Supreme Court as a violation of the First Amendment. The bill focuses not on people who lie about having medals they didnt earn, but on any profits they make from lying about the medals, which is essentially criminal fraud. Rep. Joe Heck (R-Nevada) sponsored the new bill. His office issued a release saying the bill passed by a vote of 410-3. Heck said in a floor speech that the bill would survive judicial review because it resolves the constitutional issues by clearly defining that the objective of the law is to target and punish those who misrepresent the alleged service with the intent of profiting personally or financially. The bill targets those who falsely claim to have earned certain major military decorations, including the Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service Cross, Navy Cross, Air Force Cross, Silver Star, Purple Heart or a medal signifying you served in combat (CNNPolitics). In 2007, there was a case against a man named Xavier Alvarez who was an elected member of the Three Valleys Municipal Water District Board in Pomona, California. Alvarez said at a public water district board meeting that he was a retired Marine, had been â€Å"wounded many times,† and had been â€Å"awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor† in 1987(NBCNews). However, he never served in the United States armed forces. Alvarez argued that his false statements were protected by the first Amendment right of free speech. Regardless, of his freedom of speech or anyone’s, no one should be giving the right to lie about something so serious especially, if it dishonors the men and women who serve for us and our country. I believe that there should be a law protecting military members against people like Alvarez. Unfortunately, the majority opinion by Justice Anthony Kennedy said, â€Å"The remedy for speech that is false is speech that is true. This is the ordinary course in a free society. He also quoted from the famous dissent by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes in the 1919 Abrams decision: â€Å"The best test of truth is the power of the thought to get itself accepted in the competition of the market. Some false statements are inevitable if there is to be an open and vigorous expression of views in public and private conversation, expression the First Amendment seeks to guarantee (NBCNews). Kennedy might have a point, but I strongly disagree and believe it is unethical period. Moreover, the government shouldn’t allow anyone to make false statements of any kind if it disrespects their country and their people. This act has definitely been a long debate for some of us with reasoned arguments on both sides. In my view it’s unethical and it should have not been struck down by the Supreme Court. Yes, we live in a country with freedom of speech, but this has abused such privilege. So why not punish someone when they’ve abused such privilege?

Strategic Management of Business Operations

Table of Contents Introduction Strategic management Strategy making Situation and competitive analysis Organization’s challenges in the global market Conclusion References Introduction There has been stiff competition in the execution of business activities with each company implementing different and creative strategies to win over the market. The continuous advancement in technology has brought forth various new ways of handling various activities and issues in all field of business operations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Management of Business Operations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technology has improved communication and transport which are among the many aspects having close relations to business growth and expansion. Easy transport and communication has enhanced by technology has made more and more transactions to be undertaken. To ensure that the business survives the dynamic market forces in rendering its services to the customers and win more customers, there is need for proper strategic measures to be formulated and implemented. This essay seeks to analyze strategic management as implemented in the management of business operations so as to maintain good business performance and development despite the changes in market forces that may occur. A specific example of Bay hotels will be used to make the discussion real in pinpointing out areas where attention will be required as the hotels tries to make their presence felt in the around the national and around the world. Strategic management The history of an organization is usually important in checking the progress over the years. This usually helps in one being able to know the challenges a company has undergone and the way the challenges were handled then. The past challenges and successes usually form a platform for formulating new strategies depending on the future prospects. It also helps a compan y management to avoid repeating mistakes which committed in the past. For the case of Bay hotels, the past has witnessed an excellence performance. Bay hotels are located in Britain. There are eleven regions where Bay hotels are in England, three in Scotland and one in Wales. Some of the regions have up to four hotels making the total number of Bay hotels in Britain to be around 32. The Bay hotels are located in some of the best resort regions in the UK making them have a unique attraction to visitors. According to the company website, â€Å"Every Bay hotel has its own unique character and because we were the first to offer accommodation in many areas, you can expect out hotels to enjoy prime locations with some of the best views around† (Bay, 2009, p. 1).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are various strategy paradoxes that have different ways of approaching and solving problems. There are two main approaches to learning of strategies proposed by Abraham Maslow which are problem-driven and tool-driven (Meyer Wit, 2005. p. 4). In problem driven strategy, one usually takes an in-depth analysis of the problem after which he checks for the right way of going about it while in tool-driven strategy; one usually internalizes theories before checking on the problem. In running of a business, the top management team is usually responsible for formulating and implementing new strategies to maintain continuous business growth. To do so, they have to take good analysis of the market forces so as to make sound decisions. This involves developing strategic vision and mission statements, setting objectives, formulating strategies, implementing the strategies and then checking the performance of a company. The objectives set should be challenging but achievable to ensure good progress of a company. The integration of all these activities usually yields go od results. In the hotel industry it is usually very significant for the management to ensure that the company remains relevant in the eyes of the customers and potential customers. The service industry is very competitive and it is therefore significant that strategic management at Bay hotels be a continuous process which is not undertaken to completion but rather improved perpetually. In case the strategies are to be modified during the implementation, and then the management team should be dynamic to accommodate the changes. This management entails competitive moves that yield good returns and continuous development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Management of Business Operations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The management should run the business, improve sales and satisfy customers as well as strive to meet the set targets (Olsen, 2006, p. 239). Bay hotels management ought to be dynamic enoug h to accommodate emerging trends in the hotels and avoid risking lagging behind. This is especially significant if the hotels are to venture into the international markets where competition for international customers is even stiffer. In putting the strategies to work, there are various questions that the management usually figures out. It should consider the current situation and of the company, where the company wants to be in future and the means they are to use to move it there (Cumming Greiner, 2009, p. 167). The implementation of strategies is not usually a smooth process. It may be affected by factors from within the company or others that are from outside. Some of these challenges posed can be sorted by the management while others need partnership with people outside the management. If all the parties involved in the running of a business such as the employees are in line with the long term projections and are totally dedicated in their duties, then most of the internal cha llenges would be overcome with much ease. In formulating a strategy, one usually considers new opportunities, geographic coverage, integration required, diversification and the management of the key functions. This process usually involves taking of risks, creativity and spotting of opportunities that are rewarding to the company in the long run (John Ulwick, 2009, p. 119). The strategy should be maintained to completion according to the time frame stipulated. The organization capability is usually fundamental in the implementation of the strategies. If the resources are available and there are no major distractions, then the strategies’ implementation can be achieved in the time span provided. The performance of the strategies should be evaluated so that any modification necessary is to be undertaken in time. Strategy making The strategy making starts from developing the vision and mission statements. It usually entails getting a clear understanding of the firm future prosp ects and communicating to others in an understandable and inspiring way. This usually attracts investors and other parties who play some important roles such as raising funds for the company for it to undertake.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All the stakeholders of the company should be taken into consideration as they play important roles in management and running of the company. Some of the stakeholders include customers, stockholders, creditors, debtors and employees (Gibbert, 2010, p. 1). In making the strategy, the company management stipulates what the company wants to achieve in future and lays down the short-term and long-term investment plans. In making the plan, other competitors in the field are considered. The strategies to be formulated and implemented are to improve the customers’ confidence in the company and the company’s reputation as well as put the company in a better place at the market so as to be able to withstand the dynamic market forces and thus have a better hand in selling (Wintzer, 2007, p. 4) The strategies should also indicate what activities the company should not undertake. Such activities are mostly a hindrance to the growth and development of a company. The most appropriat e technology should be used. These technologies usually reduce the overall cost in strategy making and also increases efficiency as time is well managed. The customer is one of the most influential stakeholders in the company thus the varying customer needs should be evaluated in order to come up with a better way of handling and providing services so that all the customer groups are satisfied. This is because the company’s operations are either customer-driven or market driven. The technology used usually brings specialization in which a person performs in a field in which he is more conversant with. This usually makes everyone involved to be well integrated in the strategy making and implementation process. To ensure that the strategy formulated fits well in the business, the strategy should narrow down specifically to what the company intends to do. This usually minimizes confusion and ensures good coordination. To the contrary if business activities are diversified, then a broader perspective is usually good so as to accommodate all the fields. There are various departments in a company. These departments should have strategies in line with others to avoid some departments lagging behind. The department’s contribution, role and direction which are necessary to the overall success are usually considered. Good communication improves coordination and sometimes may challenge or motivate one in his undertakings. Since the market is influenced by external forces, international trade conditions should be considered and the signs of improving or declining market opportunities realized. The vision, mission and objectives usually give guidance in proper decision making. Proper referencing platform for the performance are usually necessary. For example, if a company doesn’t have a specific future objective but is totally dedicated to carrying out its duties, then it usually does not achieve the best results as its resources could have yielded. Th e short term strategic measures are very important as they act as a measure of the overall progress of the long term measures. This means that the two should be formulated in line with each other. They usually stipulate the time frame for the achievement of every objective. Thus, the stipulation of the time frame for the achievement of every objective should be provided. The long- term measures usually consider the effects on the arguments passed in the running of the business in its future performance. This thus brings the necessity to critically analyze each strategy to be made on the company because a mistake could result to major consequences in the business operations. The strategies usually take into account organization-wide objectives, product objectives, department objectives and individual objectives in the order given above. This shows that the formulation insists that all parties must be involved although at different levels. The strategies do not only take into account what the business intends to do but also the current steps undertaken. The strategy making entails formulating means of reaching performance targets, outcompeting rivals, achieving competitive advantage, withstanding market forces, capturing emerging market opportunities and bringing the company vision to become a reality. Thus, it is based on what actions the management is to undertake for good formulation. Because of continuous change in competition, customer needs and expectations, production costs, regulations, opportunities and threats, then the strategies should be dynamic to be able to handle these challenges. The formulation of good strategies usually makes it possible to achieve the intended achievements as well as attain others which were not foreseen. This is the case for either a diversified firm or a single line company. The formulation of the strategies is well done by well qualified personnel in the specified fields. The specialists usually avoid unnecessary errors th at may arise and provide thorough investigations of the strategies to the best of the knowledge available (Grant, 2005, p. 29). In the case of a diversified firm, the strategy making process takes into consideration all the industries or business groups giving different approaches to each. It should consider the diversification and look into ways in which the performance can be boosted and the investment projects that should be undertaken prior to others. The various strategies formulated are functional and operational. The functional strategies usually oversee the performance of the key activities and provide support in the business operations. The operating strategies are useful in analyzing the performance of various operating levels. The strategic plan requires unification of the various strategies involved. The good thing, about it, is that these strategies usually reinforce each other to bring forth good results. The choice of a specific strategy is affected by internal and ex ternal factors. The external factors includes society, politics, laws, industry attractiveness, opportunities and threats while internal factors include internal strengths and weaknesses, key executives influence, shares values and culture. These factors usually shape the strategy to be implemented. Some laws and cultures may act as hindrance to the formulation of certain strategies. The responsibility the company has to the society due to the activities it undertakes has great influence in the company strategy making. The company should have a good image and reputation in the eyes of the general public with the strategy being related to the competitive conditions. Good techniques should be used to handle the various risks and threats that may arise (Mathieson Scinasi, 2000, p. 41). This ensures stability of the business incase challenges arise. The making of the strategy should consider the firm’s strength, weaknesses and competitive capability. The company’s main co mpetencies are usually important because they give the company an upper hand in taking the opportunities that arise (Drejer, 2002, p. 33). The strategies should assist the company in utilizing its strengths and taking corrective measures on its weaknesses. Key executive business philosophies and approaches towards the weaknesses are crucial in success of a company. The strategies formulated should not conflict with the culture of the business. This helps in avoiding unnecessary collision of contradicting ideas which would affect the formulation and implementation of the strategies. The strategy should be in line with the expectations of the stakeholders such as shareholder, employees, customers, suppliers and the community. The formulated strategy is efficient and good for the achievement of the company’s objectives if it is inline with the firm’s situation, provides the company with sustainable competitive advantage and boosts the overall company’s performance. Situation and competitive analysis There are various approaches to achieving better results in the market. The organization could use competitive approach to identify the competitive scope and functional strategies taking into account the success brought about by the current strategies. This usually helps to know whether to improve on the current strategies or choose a new strategy. The well performing strategies are found to make a good use of the organization’s expertise, strengths, core competencies and the strong competitive capabilities available. This usually makes a company better placed to undertake its investment plans such as expansion of the enterprise and be able to cope with the fluctuation of market forces. The situation analysis is very importance in analyzing the condition of a company, its rivals and the environment so as to know the best approach for the implementation of the strategies to win the market favor. The environment usually makes it possible for the company to identify the strategic options and opportunities available in the market. The environment usually consists of the external factors considered in situation analysis while the company’s competitive position usually forms part of the internal factors. Strategic thinking and analysis are useful in situation analysis (Karami, 2007, p. 83). They usually help in realizing the strategic options available to the company and making an excellent choice of the one that fits the business well. In analyzing the external environment, one usually tries to pinpoint the major economic traits such as: market size, entry barriers, technological advancement, customer characteristics, industry profitability and the capital requirement, drivers of changes, strong competitive positions, and rivals strategic moves among others in order to get the full information. After getting analysis of these factors, then the company management is in a position to make the right choice of the strat egies to be implemented. Organization’s challenges in the global market There are forces that are evident in a situation analysis. These forces include the availability of substitutes, buyers’ and suppliers’ bargaining power and the presence of potential new entrants. In the analysis of these forces, the management should find out the sources of these forces and their strengths. Rivalry among companies is one of the most used and effective force which uses price, quality, customer service, product innovation, advertisement and dealer network as some of its weapons at the market. Rivalry usually arises in an industry when product demand is low and there are many firms in the industry who find it rather expensive to move to other fields of business (McDaniel et al., 2008, P. 38). The presence of new entrants into which the management needs to venture usually increases the competition. They usually increases the production in the industry and thus to maintain the b usiness in good performance, the management has to critically analyze the situation (Clarke, 2005, p. 175). The barriers present in the entry of a new firm and the reactions from the firms already in operation usually determine how easy the new firm is able to venture into the market. The most common barriers to entry include economies of scale, insufficient technology, brand preferences, capital requirements, regulatory policies and international trade regulations. In production of goods, the development of a company usually relies on the returns available. The production of small quantity of goods usually results in higher cost of production per unit (Pandey, 2002, p. 214). This usually requires a company to sell its products at a higher price so as to cover its costs and make some profit. For the well established and big companies, since the production is high, the cost of production is usually shared and is generally low. This places them in a better place at the market to make large margins of profits. Hence, if an organization wants to venture into the global market, then there should be a critical analysis of how the cost of production per unit item is to be kept as low as possible for it to be in an opposition to sustain the market pressures. There are certain ventures at the global market that require specialized technology. Although there has been continuous advancement in the technology in all fields, the technology available to different parties is not the same. This may be due to some hindrances preventing full access to advanced technology. Geographic locations and the research undertaken usually leave some places and people lagging back in terms of technology. In the venture of the operations of an organization in the global market, an organization should consider the technology required in operations and compare them to its current technology capacity. If the organization is in a capacity to get the specialized technology, then it is in a posit ion to go ahead and undertake its operations in the global market. On the other hand if the organization finds challenges in getting the specialized technology required, then the venture into global market may pose a challenge in its development because it will be likely to underperform as per the global standards. Due to improved knowledge in the production process, the cumulative production of a product may result in decline in the production cost of a unit. This is usually as a result of familiarization to what is expected of a company. This is usually referred to as experience curve. The experience curve, empirically verified in hundreds of studies, suggests that, as a firm accumulates experience in building a product, its cost in real dollars will decline at a predictable rate. When the experience curve applies, the first market entry attaining a large share will have a continuing cost advantage. (Aaker McLoughlin 2010, p. 171) The requirements for achievement of the experienc e curve are continuous improvement in management and equipments used in the execution of the operations. Thus, before an organization expands its business to the global market, the experience curve may be a hindrance or a way through for its success. Thus good analysis of the curve could help the organization in making the right choice of strategic management to be undertaken. There are organizations that have been in the market for long period of time. The services and goods an organization has been offering have been well adopted by the customers (Teal Reichheld, 2001, p. 3). For new organizations that want to venture into the same industry, they usually find it very difficult to win the market favor (Sengupta, 2005, p. 131). A good example is the Coca-Cola Company which has been in the market for long supplying its customers with its soft beverages. The penetration of another beverage company into the same market is not an easy task as there are customers who are loyal and would not agree to shift to other products. There are other customers who are attached to specific brand. The provision of a different brand usually fairs poorly in the market due to rejection. Thus before an organization ventures into operation in the global market, it should consider the extent to which the customers are loyal to the already existing organization taking into account the various brand preferences. If the conditions are favorable, then the organization can venture but if the conditions are not good, then venturing into the global market is not a worthy investment. The establishment of an organization so that it can serve a larger population usually requires a lot. More capital is required to undertake the project. The capital is used in establishing the new operational branches of the mother organization. There are many types of capital available to the organizations and they include equity capital, debt capital and specialty capital (Salai-i-Martin Barro, 2004, p. 82). Equity capital is the difference between assets and liabilities of a company. This form of capital is used to finance the operations and expansion of an organization for example Microsoft. Some organizations have debt capital which is mostly obtained by lending money especially to financial institutions such as banks. These institutions usually invest the money and give it back to the lenders with some of the interest it has earned. Also the organization can borrow the money. Depending on the type of capital available to the organization, the expansion of the company to operate globally faces a challenge in raising the large amount of capital required. Thus the availability of capital is a major barrier to expansion Every state has regulations that govern the operation of businesses. These regulations are usually meant to maintain sanity and order in various industries and they vary from one state to another. In order to carry out business internationally, there are regulations tha t promote business among various states. The government of a give state could also regulate the number of businesses operating in a given field based on some reasons which may not be released to the public. Due to these factors, a company expanding its business to other locations may not be allowed to operate according to such regulations (Pakroo Packroo, 2008, p. 111). There are various types of regulations such as; market failures, social subordination, collective desires, irreversibility, interest group transfer and professional regulation. Due to the changing of the environment and other factors affecting business operations, then the regulation have to be constantly changing according to the situations. Failure to adhere to the regulations set usually leads to legal actions such imprisonment and huge fines on the part of the offenders. Thus a business expansion to a given field may be hindered by the regulations set. At the international scene, there are restrictions set to re gulate the flow of goods to a given country (Bishop, 2009, p. 13). This usually gives access of the distribution channels to some limited number of organizations. These organizations usually enjoy large sales returns due to reduced competition. The restriction may be placed to ensure only goods that attain a given quality are allowed to be accessed by the public. Such restrictions are meant to ensure that there is sanity and uniformity at the international market (Smelser Swedberg, 2005, p. 173). Some the factors that affect business transacting across various states include the infrastructure established and the politics. Some organizations are found to win favour due to the political status of a region. In the case of political instability, the international trade is usually greatly affected. For example, the political instability of Libya has its effect felt by every one across the globe by the rise in fuel costs and thus the involved companies have been affected. This clearly i ndicates that the international restrictions regulate international business which is also affected by other factors. Despite all the challenges encountered, an organization should be able to identify the most rewarding factors. These factors are usually responsible for prediction of the profits or loss margins a company may encounter and to what extent the company will be successful at the market. The most rewarding challenges usually include skills and competitive capability endowed to an organization. In identifying these factors, an organization should maximize on them so that it can be better placed at the market. Conclusion There are various paradoxes which vary in the approach given to a problem. The main aim of a business is to gain more returns so that it can be able to maintain its operations as well as expand. To achieve these objectives, the organization must undertake good formulation and implementation of strategies. The implementation of the strategies is usually not a smooth process as there are many hindrances which are encountered. Business organizations should make wise considerations before venturing into new markets to avoid losses and failures. References Aaker, D. McLoughlin, D. (2010) Strategic Market Management: Global perspectives. San Francisco: John willey and sons. Bishop, B. (2009) European Union law for international business: an introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Clarke, A. (2005) Situational analysis: grounded theory after the postmodern turn. California: SAGE. Cumming, T., G. Greiner, L. E. (2009) Dynamic Strategy-Making: A Real-Time Approach for the 21st Century Leader. San Francisco: John Wiley and Sons. Drejer, A. (2002) Strategic management and core competencies: theory and application. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. Gibbert, M. (2010) Strategy Making in a Crisis: From Analysis to Imagination. Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar Publishing. Grant, R. M. (2005) Contemporary strategy analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. John, G. Ulwick, A. W. (2000) Business Strategy Formulation: Theory, Process and the Intellectual Revolution. Charlotte: IAP. Karami, A. (2007) Strategy formulation in entrepreneurial firms. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. Mathieson, D. J. Schinasi, G. J. (2000) International capital markets: developments, prospects, and key policy issues. New York: International Monetary Fund. McDaniel et al., (2008) Essentials of Marketing. California: Cengage Learning. Meyer, R. Wit, B. (2005) Strategy synthesis: resolving strategy paradoxes to create competitive advantage; Concise version. California: Cengage learning EMEA. Olsen, E. (2006) Strategic planning for Dummies. California: Cengage Learning. Pakroo, P. Pakroo, P. H. (2008) The small business start-up kit. California: Cengage Learning. Pandey, G. D. (2002) Modern Accountancy For Xi Xii. New Delhi: New Age International. Salai-i-Martin, X. Barro, R. (2004) Economic growth. Cambridge: MIT press. Sengupt a, S. (2005) Brand positioning: Strategies for competitive advantage. London: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Smelser, N. J. Swedberg, R. (2005) The handbook of economic sociology. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Teal, T. Reichheld, F. F. (2001) The loyalty effect: the hidden force behind growth, profits, and lasting value. Boston: Harvard Business Press. Wintzer, E. (2007) Global Competition and Strategic Management. Munich: GRIN Verlag. This essay on Strategic Management of Business Operations was written and submitted by user J0anna to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

To Kill a Mocking Bird ( comp. of movie and novel) essays

To Kill a Mocking Bird ( comp. of movie and novel) essays The movie, To Kill a Mockingbird, is one of the best family oriented dramas ever made. The film has a timeless quality about it that transcends the very dated subject matter, which was racism during the depression in the South. The movie teaches the importance of tolerance, justice, integrity and loving, responsible parenthood. The filmed drama, To Kill a Mockingbird, presents all the themes of Harper Lees historical novel. However, the movie might have been better if Miss Maudie and Calpurnia, two of the books characters, had had a more prominent role. The movie would have been improved if Miss Maudie, who portrayed the themes of friendship and moral responsibility, had a stronger role. The theme of moral responsibility came up when Jem asks Miss Maudie if she was going to court and she responded with, I am not. Its morbid, watching a poor devil on trial for his life (181). She felt that the trial was a public spectacle and she refused to take part in it. She showed her passion for justice because she knew the man, Tom Robinson, would be condemned guilty when everyone knew he was innocent, and she refused to be a part of the injustice. She is the childrens best friend among Maycombs adults and shows her support for the Finches when she stated, I simply want to tell you that there are some men in this world who were born to do our unpleasant jobs for us and your fathers one of them. Their father was very unpopular during the trial of Tom Robinson and Miss Maudie praised their father as a good man. The children were treated bad ly during this time because of their fathers position on the trial, but Miss Maudie showed her complete support. Miss Maudie is a very intriguing character in the novel, a wise, funny woman of integrity, but in the movie, she comes across as just another next-door neighbor. The movie would have been enhanced if Calpurnia, who ...

Probability of Randomly Choosing a Prime Number

Probability of Randomly Choosing a Prime Number Number theory is a branch of mathematics  that concerns itself with the set of integers. We restrict ourselves somewhat by doing this as we do not directly study other numbers, such as irrationals. However, other types of real numbers are used. In addition to this, the subject of probability has many connections and intersections with number theory. One of these connections has to do with the distribution of prime numbers. More specifically we may ask, what is the probability that a randomly chosen integer from 1 to x is a prime number? Assumptions and Definitions As with any mathematics problem, it is important to understand not only what assumptions are being made, but also the definitions of all of the key terms in the problem. For this problem we are considering the positive integers, meaning the whole numbers 1, 2, 3, . . . up to some number x. We are randomly choosing one of these numbers, meaning that all x of them are equally likely to be chosen. We are trying to determine the probability that a prime number is chosen. Thus we need to understand the definition of a prime number. A prime number is a positive integer that has exactly two factors. This means that the only divisors of prime numbers are one and the number itself. So 2,3 and 5 are primes, but 4, 8 and 12 are not prime. We note that because there must be two factors in a prime number, the number 1 is not prime. Solution  for Low Numbers The solution to this problem is straightforward for low numbers x. All that we need to do is simply count the numbers of primes that are less than or equal to x. We divide the number of primes less than or equal to x by the number x. For example, to find the probability that a prime is selected from 1 to 10 requires us to divide the number of primes from 1 to 10 by 10. The numbers 2, 3, 5, 7 are prime, so the probability that a prime is selected is 4/10 40%. The probability that a prime is selected from 1 to 50 can be found in a similar way. The primes that are less than 50 are: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43 and 47. There are 15 primes less than or equal to 50. Thus the probability that a prime is selected at random is 15/50 30%. This process can be carried out by simply counting primes as long as we have a list of primes. For example, there are 25 primes less than or equal to 100. (Thus the probability that a randomly chosen number from 1 to 100 is prime is 25/100 25%.) However, if we do not have a list of primes, it could be computationally daunting to determine the set of prime numbers that are less than or equal to a given number x. The Prime Number Theorem If you do not have a count of the number of primes that are less than or equal to x, then there is an alternate way to solve this problem. The solution involves a mathematical result known as the prime number theorem. This is a statement about the overall distribution of the primes and can be used to approximate the probability that we are trying to determine. The prime number theorem states that there are approximately x / ln(x) prime numbers that are less than or equal to x. Here ln(x) denotes the natural logarithm of x, or in other words the logarithm with a base of the number e. As the value of x increases the approximation improves, in the sense that we see a decrease in the relative error between the number of primes less than x and the expression x / ln(x). Application of the Prime Number Theorem We can use the result of the prime number theorem to solve the problem we are trying to address. We know by the prime number theorem that there are approximately x / ln(x) prime numbers that are less than or equal to x. Furthermore, there are a total of x positive integers less than or equal to x. Therefore the probability that a randomly selected number in this range is prime is (x / ln(x) ) /x 1 / ln(x). Example We can now use this result to approximate the probability of randomly selecting a prime number out of the first billion integers. We calculate the natural logarithm of a billion and see that ln(1,000,000,000) is approximately 20.7 and 1/ln(1,000,000,000) is approximately 0.0483. Thus we have about a 4.83% probability of randomly choosing a prime number out of the first billion integers.

Implement a Web-Catering Order System with Cater Trax Research Paper

Implement a Web-Catering Order System with Cater Trax - Research Paper Example Reasons for cater trax implementation in the department In the catering department at Texas Children’s Hospital, there have been increased demands from our clients. The department has to deal with about three hundred orders daily and even an increased number during the weekends. Meeting the clients’ demands has become a great challenge, due to the increased numbers. Research shows that a number of institutions have overcome this challenge of overbooking with the help of cater trax (Cupps, 1997). This is because cater trax is remarkably helpful in managing high volume orders and hospitality businesses. A number of institutions have employed this system and attained great success out of it. Advantages of using Cater trax over its competitors Cater trax is a web-based software made up of powerful tools built directly within the system. For this reason, it is vital that customers undergo one hour and thirty minutes of training before they are able to use the system. This tr aining is only available for cater trax company customers making the system extremely user friendly. It is essential to note that there are other industry competitors to cater trax (Dickinson, 2011). However, cater trax proves to be the best choice because of its advantages. For example, they offer twenty-four hour customer service whereby users can contact a support team for any questions. Unlike its competitors, it provides two software packages offered at the same time. At one end, customers are able to place their orders in ordering accounts, get their confirmation via their emails and repeat the process if necessary. Consequently, the catering department can run its business smoothly by editing invoices, keeping catering calendars, and receiving reports (Kotler & Bowen, 2006). As a result, the system maintains all food services in an organized manner as well as making it a profitable venture. Other advantages associated with the use of this online catering management software a re that it does not require Information technology management, servers, or special equipment and the ordering prices are fair. The prices for all meals vary from three dollars to seventeen dollars per head depending on the meal. All that is needed to make an order is an internet connection. Upon its installation, it can provide up to the minute reports on all the departments proceedings. Steps to implementing cater trax Since this program simplifies a lot of work, one may think it is difficult to implement. However, it is essential to note that only six simple steps are required to get cater trax implemented. The steps include being registered, gathering information from clients, an integration interview, site construction, training and lastly the site is launched (Welloh, 2011). Upon completion, clients can make orders online. These six processes can be implemented within a very short period of six weeks within which certain milestones are met. Relationship between cater trax and i ts customers Many cater trax users have complete trust on the system because of their continual use. This is because cater trax employees work tirelessly to ensure high levels of security, availability of information and reliability to the users. Success is paramount at cater trax, so all food service providers receive similar attention regardless of the services they offer. On placing orders, customers are ab

Project Analysis and Planning, Project Execution, Project Monitoring Essay

Project Analysis and Planning, Project Execution, Project Monitoring and Control, Project Risk and Change Management - Essay Example They have helped most of the biggest brands in the world acquire huge profits. Some of these brands are Ducati, Revion, Southwest Airlines and the New York stock exchange. High standards are set by the Board of Directors for personnel at VMware creating room for acquiring the best results. The Board follows a set of guidelines that are in the company’s best interests and within the laws set in place in the United States of America. (VMware.Inc, 2014) Virtualization software has four main objectives. Use of more hardware resources than before, reduction in cost of management and resources, improves flexibility of businesses, security and downtime. Earlier, hardware resources were not being put to full use. Computers could be hooked up to different servers but through using virtualization infrastructure, computers can be hooked to one main server and still perform operations efficiently. In fact, computer operations become more efficient. Resource and Management costs are reduced when businesses use a virtualized system. Creating more room for physical computer servers in organizations is eliminated due to the fact that a virtualized system accumulates very little room as the system acts as one physical server for all computers in the organization. Therefore, costs for creating more room are eliminated. (AJ Muller, 2005) Flexibility of businesses is achieved when using virtualization through elimination of cost used to set up space for additional computers when a business needs to expand its workstations. Virtualization is easier to set up and requires no additional expenses in hardware and extra space. Improvement in security and reduced downtime are another one of the objectives of virtualization. In the event that a computer crashes, retrieving software becomes very difficult if the computers do not have a virtualized infrastructure causing increased costs in rectifying the problem and downtime before the problem has

The Italian Renaissance Essay Example for Free

The Italian Renaissance Essay Introduction The literature of the Renaissance featured heroism, justice and power, influencing modern political, social and philosophical ideals. In contrast to the middle ages where censorship limited to themes and genres for literature, the Renaissance served as platform for public commentary and discussion. However, it should also be noted that though many of the writers of the period had greater independence than other artists of the time from the Church, many of the writers enjoyed patronage by state political powers or became part of the political machinery of these institutions. In Bondanella and Musa’s (1987) The Italian Renaissance Reader, the works of some of the most notable writers of the Renaissance movement provide a glimpse to the evolution of the rationale behind the artistic movement which while adhering to classical traditions, revived intellectual thinking and exchange. Background Though the Renaissance was a reaction to the medieval conservative views and saw the resurgence of arts, literature and philosophy, there was still significant conservatism in sciences. Thus, though many of the writers of the period can be considered to be forward-thinking, the prescription of logic and deduction as intellectual disciplines is apparent. One advocate of the methodology is Petrarch who highlighted classical sources and scholarship as the standard of reasoning and study (p. 57). This tradition or style is apparent in the works of Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince, Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron and Baldesar Castiglione’s Book of the Courier among other as well (pp. 259, 60, 197). Building from the literature and art revolution of the late 1200’s, Italian became the literary language of the period in contrast to previous preference for other European languages. It created not only a nationalistic identity to literature but also served as reinforcement for state, social and political works that Italian writer would be most noted for. Consequently, the development would also support the growth of publishing in the country, particularly Venice, which in turn will further enhance the regard for Italian Renaissance writers. However, despite these changes, religion remained a primary theme in most Italian works. Majority of the works were either reflective of the medieval themes or applications of such themes using humanism. Themes and Ideas Italian writers sought to assimilate classical traditions in their work in the belief that these intellectualized and rationalized their work. One of the most common themes and ideas in the writers featured humanism and self-awareness. The former can be illustrated by Giovanni Pico Della Mirandola’s Oration on the Dignity of Man (pp. 180-183). In this work, man is portrayed as an individual whose identity and value is his own and though he is subject to religion, society and the state, remains an individual. As such, he is considered both an actor an object of other actions through the process of living. Self-awareness in turn can be illustrated in the work of Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti (pp. 187-196, 377-381). Though they are most renowned for their contribution to visual art, both these artists’ notes indicate their belief that art as a product of man is beyond his inspiration or labor. They implied that the work or artists and in a sense all other labors of man, where to be appreciated for themselves beyond their identity as a work of an individual and in turn to understand the artist beyond the work being viewed. Boccaccio’s Decameron also proved to be inspirational to other writers of the period not only in Italy but in the rest of Europe including the works of William Shakespeare and Geoffrey Chaucer (p. 60). Furthermore, the Decameron is considered to not to represent the characteristics of the Renaissance Italy literature but actually set the pace for other writers since Boccaccio was one of the most notable students of Petrarch. In the course of his story of the ten story tellers running from the plague combined religious themes with secular discussion of ethics and morality (pp. 59-61). In all of these writings, there is greater empowerment for men to mold their destinies and the ability to make choices. Ultimately, the Italian Renaissance writers believed that salvation and redemption depend on an individual’s capacity and commitment to realize them. In such a perspective, though religion remains to be a predominant power, man is the qualifier of human experience. Moreover, there is greater recognition of man’s hand in the life of others as well as his own. In turn, this reinforced the call for greater responsibility and accountability for one’s actions. Impact and Influence One of the most important contributions of Italian Renaissance writers is the establishment of Italian as a language of literature. This would serve as a foundation for the Italian literary industry as well as the role of the Italian writers as political and social intellectual leaders in Europe. Another notable contribution of Italian Renaissance writers is their influence on other writers of the period such as Shakespeare and Chaucer as well as the development of humanistic ideals and appreciation of art. A hierarchy for living matter was also developed based on a hierarchy of intellect implying that man’s greatest ability was the capacity of reasoning. In terms of literary style and composition, characterization and plot development in Italian Renaissance literature influenced the development of experiential narrative melding religious and secular views on morality, ethics and philosophy. In studying these trends in artistic composition, techniques, subjects and styles developed by Italian Renaissance writers, one will be able to develop insights to the social, political and economic developments brought on by the Renaissance in Italy which cradled both the Renaissance and the period by which it sought to contrast itself. Like the visual arts, Renaissance writers often employed illusionism to explore real issues. In doing so, they were able to present social, moral or philosophical commentary without direct conflict with other belief systems and at the same time highlight the value of systematic and scholastic study. In doing so, it brought into popular arenas intellectual discussion reminiscent of classical scholastic traditions. However, though there was significant reference to classical traditions, Italian Renaissance writers recognized the difference between philosophy and science which persists to contemporary studies as well. Reference Bondanella, Julia Conaway and Musa, Mark (1987). The Italian Renaissance Reader. New York: Penguin Books

Fannie Flaggs Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle-Stop Cafe :: Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle-Stop Cafe

Fannie Flagg's Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle-Stop Cafe My first impression of Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafà © was that it was a â€Å"woman’s'; novel. This was because the movie, which was more popular than the book, was advertised as a â€Å"chick flick';. To say the least, I was wrong. The novel poses many issues that face the people of the 1920’s and 30’s, and makes one think about what people have struggled through. The novel addresses the issue of racism before the time of Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement. It tells of the struggles women must go through when they reach menopause; the big change. However, the main plot line tells the story of two women, Idgie Threadgoode and Ruth Jamison, and the trials and tribulations of their life in the 1920’s and 30’s. Idgie and Ruth are business partners, best friends, and in the eyes of many, also lesbians. â€Å"[Fried Green Tomatoes] represents around the issue of lesbianism, depicting a strong and intense friendship between two white women (the tomboy Idgie Threadgoode and the fern Ruth Jamison), but never committing itself one way or another'; (Pelligrini 7). There have not been many stories written about homosexuality in the first half of the twentieth century. That is why Fannie Flagg does not just come out and say that Idgie and Ruth are lesbians. In turn, the idea that Idgie and Ruth are lesbians is a subject that has been under heated debate. However, there are many episodes between Idgie and Ruth that are undeniable proof that they are homosexuals. The idea that Idgie and Ruth are lesbians is rampant throughout the story. It is evidenced by the way they speak to each other and act towards each other, but the idea is subverted due to the fact that everyone in the town sees Idgie as a man. The idea that Idgie and Ruth are lesbians can be misunderstood. To say that they are a lesbian couple does mean that they are sexually involved with each other. However, whether or not Idgie and Ruth are sexually involved is a decision that is left up to the reader. Flagg does not describe in the novel any sexual experiences between Idgie and Ruth. This is because the idea of lesbianism is a touchy subject and could have changed the idea that novel was trying to get across.

Otitis

Otitis is a general term for inflammation or infection of the ear, in both humans and other animals. It is subdivided into the following: Otitis externa, external otitis, or â€Å"swimmer's ear† involves the outer ear and ear canal. In external otitis, the ear hurts when touched or pulled. Otitis media or middle ear infection involves the middle ear. In otitis media, the ear is infected or clogged with fluid behind the ear drum, in the normally air-filled middle-ear space. This very common childhood infection sometimes requires a surgical procedure called â€Å"myringotomy and tube insertion†.Otitis interna or labyrinthitis involves the inner ear. The inner ear includes sensory organs for balance and hearing. When the inner ear is inflamed, vertigo is a common symptom. An ear infection (acute otitis media) is most often a bacterial or viral infection that affects the middle ear, the air-filled space behind the eardrum that contains the tiny vibrating bones of the ear. C hildren are more likely than adults to get ear infections. Ear infections are often painful because of inflammation and buildup of fluids in the middle ear.Because ear infections often clear up on their own, treatment often begins with managing pain and monitoring the problem. Ear infection in infants and severe cases in general require antibiotic medications. Long-term problems related to ear infections — persistent fluids in the middle ear, persistent infections or frequent infections — can cause hearing problems and other serious complications. The onset of signs and symptoms of ear infection is usually rapid. Children Signs and symptoms common in children include: Ear pain, especially when lying down Tugging or pulling at an ear Difficulty sleepingCrying more than usual Acting more irritable than usual Difficulty hearing or responding to sounds Loss of balance Headache Fever of 100 F (38 C) or higher Drainage of fluid from the ear Loss of appetite Vomiting Diarrhea Adults Common signs and symptoms in adults include: Ear pain Drainage of fluid from the ear Diminished hearing Sore throat When to see a doctor Signs and symptoms of an ear infection can indicate a number of different conditions. It's important to get an accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment. Call your child's doctor if: Symptoms last for more than a day Ear pain is severeYour infant or toddler is sleepless or irritable after a cold or other upper respiratory infection You observe a discharge of fluid, pus or bloody discharge from the ear An adult with ear pain or discharge should see a doctor as soon as possible. An ear infection is caused by a bacterium or virus in the middle ear. This infection often results from another illness — cold, flu or allergy — that causes congestion and swelling of the nasal passages, throat and eustachian tubes. Role of eustachian tubes The eustachian tubes are a pair of narrow tubes than run from each middle ear to high in the back of the throat, behind the nasal passages.The throat end of the tubes open and close to: Regulate air pressure in the middle ear Refresh air in the ear Drain normal secretions from the middle ear Swelling, inflammation and mucus in the eustachian tubes from an upper respiratory infection or allergy can block them, causing the accumulation of fluids in the middle ear. A bacterial or viral infection of this fluid is usually what produces the symptoms of an ear infection. Ear infections are more common in children, in part, because their eustachian tubes are narrower and more horizontal — factors that make them more difficult to drain and more likely to get clogged.Role of adenoids Adenoids are two small pads of tissues high in the back of the throat believed to play a role in immune system activity. This function may make them particularly vulnerable to infection and inflammation. Because adenoids are located near the opening of the eustachian tubes, inflammation or enlargement of the adenoids may block the tubes, thereby contributing to middle ear infection. Inflammation of adenoids is more likely to play a role in ear infections in children because children have more active and relatively larger adenoids. Related conditionsConditions of the middle ear that may be related to an ear infection or result in similar middle ear problems include the following: Otitis media with effusion is inflammation and fluid buildup (effusion) in the middle ear without bacterial or viral infection. This may occur because the fluid buildup persists even after an ear infection has resolved. It may also occur because of some dysfunction or noninfectious blockage of the eustachian tubes. Chronic suppurative otitis media is a persistent ear infection that results in tearing or perforation of the eardrum. Risk factorsSymptoms Age. Children between the ages of 6 months and 2 years are more susceptible to ear infections because of the size and shape of the eustachian tubes and becaus e of their poorly developed immune systems. Group child care. Children cared for in group settings are more likely to get colds and ear infections than are children who stay home, because they're exposed to more infections, such as the common cold. Infant feeding. Babies who drink from a bottle, especially while lying down, tend to have more ear infections than do babies who are breast-fed. Seasonal factors.Ear infections are most common during the fall and winter when colds and flu are prevalent. People with seasonal allergies may have a greater risk of ear infections during seasonal high pollen counts. Poor air quality. Exposure to tobacco smoke or high levels of air pollution can increase the risk of ear infection. Family history. A child's risk of ear infections increases if another member of the family has had ear infections. Ethnicity. American Indians and Inuits of Alaska and Canada have an increased risk of ear infections Tests and diagnosis By Mayo Clinic staffYour doctor c an usually diagnose an ear infection or another condition based on the symptoms you describe and a relatively simple office exam. The doctor will likely use a lighted instrument to look at the ears, throat and nasal passage. He or she will also listen to your child breathe with a stethoscope. Pneumatic otoscope An instrument called a pneumatic otoscope is often the only specialized tool that a doctor needs to make a diagnosis of an ear infection. This instrument enables the doctor to look in the ear and judge how much fluid may be behind the eardrum.With the pneumatic otoscope, the doctor gently puffs air against the eardrum. Normally, this puff of air would cause the eardrum to move. If the middle ear is filled with fluid, your doctor will observe little to no movement of the eardrum. Additional tests Your doctor may perform other diagnostic tests if there is any doubt about a diagnosis, if the condition hasn't responded to previous treatments, or if there are other persistent or s erious problems. Tympanometry. This test measures the movement of the eardrum. The device, which seals off the ear canal, adjusts air pressure in the canal, thereby causing the eardrum to move.The device quantifies how well the eardrum moves and provides an indirect measure of pressure within the middle ear. Acoustic reflectometry. This test measures how much sound emitted from a device is reflected back from the eardrum — an indirect measure of fluids in the middle ear. Normally, the eardrum absorbs most of the sound. However, the more pressure there is from fluid in the middle ear, the more sound the eardrum will reflect. Tympanocentesis. Rarely, a doctor may use a tiny tube that pierces the eardrum to drain fluid from the middle ear — a procedure called tympanocentesis.Tests to determine the infectious agent in the fluid may be beneficial if an infection hasn't responded well to previous treatments. Other tests. If your child has had persistent ear infections or per sistent fluid buildup in the middle ear, your doctor may refer you to a hearing specialist (audiologist), speech therapist or developmental therapist for tests of hearing, speech skills, language comprehension or developmental abilities. What a diagnosis means Acute otitis media. The diagnosis of â€Å"ear infection† is generally shorthand for acute otitis media.Your doctor likely makes this diagnosis if he or she observes signs of fluid in the middle ear, if there are signs or symptoms of an infection, and if the onset of symptoms was relatively sudden. Otitis media with effusion. If the diagnosis is otitis media with effusion, the doctor has found evidence of fluid in the middle ear, but there are presently no signs or symptoms of infection. Chronic suppurative otitis media. If the doctor makes a diagnosis of chronic suppurative otitis media, he or she has found that a persistent ear infection has resulted in tearing or perforation of the eardrum.Treatments and drugs By May o Clinic staff Most ear infections don't need treatment with antibiotics. What's best for your child depends on many factors, including your child's age and the severity of symptoms. A wait-and-see approach Symptoms of ear infections usually improve with the first couple of days, and most infections clear up on their own within one to two weeks without any treatment. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Family Physicians recommend a wait-and-see approach for the first 48 to 72 hours for anyone who is otherwise healthy and who is:Six months to 2 years of age with mild symptoms and an uncertain diagnosis More than 2 years old with mild symptoms or an uncertain diagnosis Treating pain Your doctor will advise you on treatments to lessen pain from an ear infection. These may include the following: A warm compress. Placing a warm, moist washcloth over the affected ear may lessen pain. Pain medication. Your doctor may advise the use of over-the-counter acetaminoph en (Tylenol, others) or ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, others) to relieve pain. Use the drugs as directed on the label.Because aspirin has been linked with Reye's syndrome, use caution when giving aspirin to children or teenagers. Although aspirin is approved for use in children older than age 2, children and teenagers recovering from chickenpox or flu-like symptoms should never take aspirin. Talk to your doctor if you have concerns. Eardrops. Prescription eardrops such as antipyrine-benzocaine (Aurodex) may provide additional pain relief. To administer drops to your child, warm the bottle by placing it in warm water. Put the recommended dose in your child's ear while he or she lies on a flat surface with the infected ear facing up.Benzocaine has been linked to a rare but serious, sometimes deadly, condition that decreases the amount of oxygen that the blood can carry. Don't use benzocaine in children younger than age 2 without supervision from a health care professional, as this age gro up has been the most affected. If you're an adult, never use more than the recommended dose of benzocaine and consider talking with your doctor. Antibiotic therapy Your doctor may recommend antibiotic treatment for an ear infection in the following situations:Children under 6 months old with a probable diagnosis of ear infection Children 6 months to 2 years old with a certain diagnosis of ear infection Anyone with a probable ear infection and moderate to severe ear pain Anyone with a probable ear infection and a fever over 102. 2 F (39 C) or higher Even after symptoms have improved, be sure to use all of the antibiotic pills as directed. Failing to do so can result in recurring infection and resistance of bacteria to antibiotic medications. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about what to do if you accidentally skip a dose. Ear tubesIf your child has otitis media with effusion — persistent fluid buildup in the ear after an infection has cleared up or in the absence of any infe ction — your doctor may recommend a procedure to drain fluid from the middle ear. During an outpatient surgical procedure called a myringotomy, a surgeon creates a tiny hole in the eardrum that enables him or her to suction fluids out of the middle ear. A tiny tube is placed in the opening to help ventilate the middle ear and prevent the accumulation of more fluids. Some tubes are intended to stay in place for six months to a year and then fall out on their own.Other tubes are designed to stay in longer and may need to be surgically removed. The eardrum closes up again after the tube falls out or is removed. Treatment for chronic suppurative otitis media Chronic infection that results in perforation of the eardrum — chronic suppurative otitis media — is difficult to treat. It's often treated with antibiotics administered as drops. You'll receive instructions on how to suction fluids out through the ear canal before administering drops. Monitoring Children with f requent or persistent infections or with persistent fluid in the middle ear will need to be monitored closely.Talk to your doctor about how often you should schedule follow-up appointments. Your doctor may recommend regular hearing and language tests. Prevention Tests and diagnosis Prevention By Mayo Clinic staff The following tips may reduce the risk of developing ear infections: Prevent common colds and other illnesses. Teach your child to wash his or her hands frequently and thoroughly, and teach your child not to share eating and drinking utensils. If possible, limit the time your child spends in group child care. A child care setting with fewer children may help. Avoid secondhand smoke.Make sure that no one smokes in your home. Away from home, stay in smoke-free environments. Breast-feed your baby. If possible, breast-feed your baby for at least six months. Breast milk contains antibodies that may offer protection from ear infections. If you bottle-feed, hold your baby in an up right position. Avoid propping a bottle in your baby's mouth while he or she is lying down. Talk to your doctor about vaccinations. Ask your doctor about what vaccinations are appropriate for your child. Seasonal flu shots and pneumococcal vaccines may help prevent ear infections.

A Root Cause Analysis Essay

Healthcare facilities that are accredited by Joint Commission are required after a sentinel event to conduct a root cause analysis (RCA). A root cause analysis is conducted to determine the cause or factors that contributed to the sentinel event. A few things must be asked in the RCA such as who, what, where, why and how in order to identify the cause. After the cause of the sentinel event is determined and a corrective action plan has been put in place a failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) could be conducted to reduce the likelihood that it should happen again. The scenario A 67 year old male (Mr. B) was brought into the emergency room for pain to left leg and left hip. The injury occurred when the patient had a fall due to him losing his balance after tripping over his dog. The hospital is a 60 bed rural hospital located in Mr. B’s hometown. Mr. B was brought in by his son and neighbor. Upon triage Mr. B was complaining of pain 10/10 on the numerical pain scale and his vitals were found to be stable. Mr. B has a history of impaired glucose tolerance, prostate cancer, and chronic pain which he is on oxycodone. The Patient states he had no known allergies or previous falls. Upon the nursing assessment Nurse J. has noticed that the patient has limited range in motion, his left leg has swelling and appears shortened in comparison to the right. Nurse J. has informed the ED physician which he came to his bedside for evaluation. Upon evaluation the physician decided that Mr. B needed to have a reduction of his left hip, due to the dislocation and will require a conscious sedation. Mr. B requires multiple doses of medication to achieve the desired sedation affect for the reduction. Once the reduction was successful Mr. B is left with son in the room where a full set of vitals were not continuously monitored and goes into respiratory failure which lead to the death of Mr. B. Staffing on this day is the day of the event consisted of a secretary, emergency department physician (Dr. T), and two nurses (one RN and one LPN). A respiratory therapist is in house and available as needed in this six bed ED and sixty bed hospital. Events At 3:30pm- Mr. B was taken to ED for left leg and left hip pain from a fall. Pain is a 10/10 vitals include 120/80 blood pressure (BP), 88 heart rate (HR) and regular, 98.6 temperature, (T), 32 respirations (R), 175 lbs.. At 4:05pm- Mr. B was given Diazepam 5mg IVP which had no affect after 5min. At 4:10pm- Dr. T orders 2mg of hydromorphone to be given to Mr. B. At 4:15pm- Mr. B was given 2mg of hydromorphone IVP. At 4:20pm- Dr. T is not satisfied with level of sedation and orders Mr. B to be given 2mg of hydromorphone, and diazepam 5mg IVP. At 4:25pm- Mr. B appears to be sedated and reduction of his (L) hip takes place. The patient remains sedated and appears to have tolerated the procedure. The procedures concludes at 4:30pm. No distress is noted, patient is placed on monitor for blood pressure to be taken every 5 minutes along with pulse oximeter but no supplemental oxygen or ECG leads (monitors cardiac rhythm and respirations) was placed on patient at this time. At 4:30pm- Nurse J allows Mr. B’s son to remain in the room with him as he is being monitor by blood pressure machine only. Nurse J leaves the room. At 4:35pm- Mr. B vitals are BP 110/62, O2 sat is 92% still no oxygen or ECG leads are on patient at this time. EMS is transporting a patient in respiratory distress, lobby is beginning to get congested. LPN and Nurse J. in the process of discharging 2 patients and are checking in the patient that EMS has transported in. LPN enters Mr. B’s room and resets his alarming monitor that was showing a sat of 85% and restarts the B/P to recycle. LPN does not supply oxygen and does not alert Nurse J at this time. Management is not notified that patient acuity and patient load is increasing. Nurse J is now fully engaged with the emergency care of the respiratory distress patient. At 4:43pm- Mr. B’s son comes out of room and informs the nurse that the monitor is alarming with vitas of B/P 58/80 O2 of 79%. The patient has no palpable pulse and is not breathing. A STAT code is called and the son is taken to the waiting room. The code teams arrives places Mr. B on cardiac monitor where he is in ventricular fibrillation and the team begins resuscitative efforts. CPR is started and the patient is intubated. Mr. B is defibrillated and reversal  agents, vasopressors and IV were started. At 5:13pm- After 30 min of interventions the ECG returns to a normal sinus rhythm with Mr. B’s B/P being 110/70. The patient is completely dependent on the ventilator, his pupils are fixed and dilated and there is no spontaneous movements. The family as asked for the patient to be transferred out to a tertiary facility for further advanced care. Outcome Seven Days later Mr. B has died. The family had requested that life-support be removed after brain death had been determined by EEG’s. This is a sentinel event. Investigation of sentinel event should begin with a Team and method of investigation. Interdisciplinary team included in the RCA should include the Director of Nurses, Nursing Supervisor, Risk management, Nursing Coordinator, and Manager of the department. Once the team is put together the RCA should be started. The team should set up interviews with all staff that was involved and present in the department the day the sentinel event happened. A complete chart review should be conducted by team. The policies on conscious sedation, staffing of department, and standardized work should be reviewed. When the cause is identified a corrective action plan should be conducted. The corrective action plan will allow a series of projects can be put in place to help create or change polices if needed. The new or changed polices should be put into education models to teach to current and new staff as needed. The Root Cause Analysis Causative factors- (why it happened) determined cause Individual’s cause factors Nurse J did not follow procedure for conscious sedation. The patient was not placed on continuous B/P, ECG, and pulse oximeter throughout the procedure. Respiratory Therapist was not informed of the conscious sedation. LPN did not address low o2 saturation of 85% between the 4:35pm-4:43pm. Dr. T did not take in account of the patient’s weight and chronic pain medication use. Nurse J did not question the medication that Dr. T ordered. Team’s cause factors Management was not called and informed of staffing needs and acuity of patients. Back up staff was not called in to help when acuity and patient load had increased. Commination between Nurses and Dr. T were not present when the patient began to decompensate. Management /Organizational cause factors Unsafe Staffing at ED. There was not enough staff present to safely manage emergencies in the ED. RCA Findings: Errors and/or Hazards 1. Per protocol the patient was not hooked up to the proper monitoring equipment at the bedside. The facility procedure police called for continuous B/P ECG, and pulse oximetry during and after procedure until patient meet the discharge criteria. The nurse should have remained with patient during the recovery period. Crash cart with defibrillator was not present during the procedure nor was the proper reversal agents that could reverse the medication given for sedation. 2. Nursing staff communication was very poor. LPN did not notify Nurse J or ED physician when the patient’s o2 saturation dropped down to 85%. Oxygen was not placed on patient when O2 saturation dropped which led to respiratory failure causing the patient to code and eventually led to Mr. B’s death. 3. Communication between ED staff and management lacked when staffing needs increased. Patient safety was put at risk when the patient load and acuity increased in the ED and the staffing did not increase. Staffing shortage caused the nurse and nursing support staff to attend to other patients and leave Mr. B unmonitored which led to respiratory distress due to the patient being over medicated for sedation which led to respiratory failure and eventually led to Mr. B’s death. 4. The ED physician did not request the patient be transferred to the nearest trauma center due to lack of recourse’s in the emergency department. Recommended Corrective Action Plan/Change Theory/Improvement Plan 1. Improved patient safety during conscious sedation: Effective immediately all conscious sedation procedures will be conducted per protocol. Within 10 days the conscious sedation procedure should be evaluated by a committee to ensure the best practices are being used. Within 30 days of this RCA all  staff should be educated on conscious sedation protocol. All nursing staff should use review protocols for conscious sedation before a conscious sedation procedure is to take place. 2. Communication within the department should be evaluated immediately by a group of staff members to find out where the miscommunication failure lies. This could be that the nursing support staff is unaware of the parameters that should be reported to nurse or physician. With 10 days of this RCA a policy on documentation of communication should be put in place to ensure that all nursing staff are documenting the communication of a patients change in status has be reported to physician. Effective immediately all nursing support staff should be educated on parameters that should be reported to nursing staff and physicians. This should be put into a policy along with documentation of communication. 3. Improved patient to nurse ratios: Management should put in place a safe nurse to patient ratio for the emergency room. Communication policy between department and management should be put in place effective immediately to ensure that no other patient should be placed in harm’s way due to staffing shortage. The emergency department should be put on diversion if the patient load and acuity places patients at risk for harm in any manner. A copy of the RCA should be given to management and leadership. Management should share the finding with all emergency department staff. Feedback should be done 30 days after corrective action plan or change theory have been put in place to ensure that everything that has been put in place is effective for the department to improve patient safety. Constant reevaluation of patient safety should be conducted and feedback given to improve patient safety by all providers involved. Management will continue to ensure that all staff follow all protocols to ensure that patient care and safety are not compromised. At a 90 days bench mark after the corrective action plan has been put in place management should revisit the any changes made to protocols and polices to ensure compliance and effectiveness is still in place and reevaluate the process to ensure patient safety. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) A Failure Mode and Effects Analysis is proactive versus the RCA which is reactive. A FMEA assesses a process for risks of failures or adverse effects of a process and prevents them by correcting what is wrong proactively  (Institute for Heathcare Improvement, 2004). A Healthcare facility may use FMEA tools on the Institute for Healthcare Improvement website to evaluate a process in the facility. This tool will calculate a risk priority number (RNP) of a process, evaluate the impact of the process and the changes that are being considered, and tract the improvement over time (Institute for Heathcare Improvement, 2004). PRE-FMEA 1. Step one: Select a process to be evaluated with FMEA. The FMEA for this paper will focus on the conscious sedation protocol. 2. Step Two: Recruit a multidisciplinary team and include a member from every department that may be involved or affected. This team for the conscious sedation protocol should will include. Registered Nurse Physician Management Pharmacist Respiratory therapist A member from Legal Laboratory Tech Emergency Department Tech 3. Step Three: Information needs to be gathered by the team. A list of steps in the process being evaluated should be put together or even an outline of steps would be helpful to the team. All internal and external data, clinical practice guidelines, current policies and procedures, current literature and any other information that may pertain to the process that is being evaluated. For the purpose of this paper we would use data on outcomes of conscious sedation protocols, RCA’s on bad outcomes, clinical practice guidelines and any research documentation that would aid in best practices for conscious sedation. Team meetings should be structured with an agenda. A leader or primary person with extensive knowledge of the FMEA knowledge (Department of Defense Patient Safety Center, 2004) 4. Step Four: The Team should list the failure modes and causes. In each process all failure modes should be listed, and then for each failure mode a list of possible causes should be listed as well. In this scenario we will use this as an example Preparing medication Wrong medication prepared Wrong dose prepared 5. Step Five: A Risk Priority Number (RPN) will be assigned to each failure mode for the likelihood of occurrence, for the likelihood of detection, and for the severity. This step is also known as the three steps FMEA. The RPN is a numerical rating. For this scenario here is an example Likelihood of Occurrence: This will measure the likelihood a failure mode is to occur. The score range will be 1-10 with 1 meaning it is very unlikely to occur and 10 meaning very likely to occur. Example- Wrong medication prepared = 5 Likelihood of Detection: This will measure the likelihood a failure mode is to be detected if it should occur. The score range will be 1-10 with 1 meaning it is very likely to be detected and 10 meaning very unlikely to be detected. Example- Wrong medication prepared = 6 Severity of occurrence: This will measure the severity of the failure mode should it occur. The score range will be 1-10 with 1 meaning no effect and 10 will be death should a failure mode occur. Example- Wrong medication prepared= 9 6. Step Six: The team will evaluate the results. For each failure mode the three scores are multiplied with each other. The failure mode with the highest RPN will be the one that will be evaluated by the team to ensure patient safety. The higher the RPN a failure mode has the higher the potential for harm it may cause. The RPN score can be as high as 1,000 and as low at 3. Example- Wrong Medication Prepared Occurrence- 5 Detection- 6 Severity- 9 5x6x9= overall score =270 7. Step Seven: An improvement plan will be made based on the RPN. Likely to Occur. Have a triple check put in place. Have team attempt to eliminate all possible causes. Example-Have medication scanned when pulled from Pyxis to check providers order. Have patient scanned before medication may be prepared to check providers order. Have patient and medication scanned to ensure correct patient with the correct medication and proper providers order. Unlikely to be detected. Look for warning signs that the error may not be detected. Use data from any previous or prior errors. Severity. Use any data available to determine severity of error. Make available any and all resources to prevent further errors and severity of errors. Final Step- The final step in the FMEA is to plan an observation or test. A plan should be clear of its objections and should have some sort of predictions or outcomes. During the test all data should be documented. In this data collection phase all observations including problems or unexpected issues should be documented and later evaluated. After the test is complete and all data collected the team should meet for analysis of the data. A summary of the analysis should be documented. All changes or modifications to the process will be based on the test and analysis of data conducted. Any and all changes should be communicated to all staff members. These changes may or may not show improvement to the process, this is why constant reevaluation of all process should be conducted and any feedback should be given to leadership for the reevaluation of the process. Nurses play a vital role in health care. Nurses have the most contact with a patient. Nurses carry out any orders and or processes. A nurse is the patient advocate, they are the ones who will advocate for patient safety. Nurses are the advocates who will be looking for evidence base practices to improve patient care and patient safety. Improving quality of care for each patient will improve the outcomes for each patient. References Department of Defense Patient Safety Center. (2004, 12 26). Failure Mode and Effects Analysis. Retrieved from FMEA Info Centre: http://www.fmeainfocentre.com/handbooks/FMEA_Guide_V1.pdf Institute for Heathcare Improvement. (2004). Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Retrieved from Institute for Heathcare Improvement: http://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/Tools/FailureModesandEffectsAnalysisTool.aspx

Hate Speech essays

Hate Speech essays The unnatural and inexplicable along with the loss of control over something seemingly powerless are two of mankinds most potent fears. Mr. Senanayak, the Bengali specialist in combat and extreme-left politics, and Captain Arjan Singh, leader of Operation Forest Jharkhani, are forced to face these very fears when they pursue the rebel Dopdi in Mahasweta Devis Draupadi. Dopdi, the Bengali tribal woman also known as Draupadi, does not conform to the status quo of her class or her gender. Neither does she submit to oppression from the upper class, the government, or her society. Furthermore, she helps do away with the command assumed by the government over the tribal people and the untouchables. Even after the soldiers physically degrade her, she cannot be disheartened and thus she is able to maintain power and control over her captors. This insurgence terrifies the government officials and the agents; especially Senanayak and Arjan Singh. To her oppressors, Draupadi is the manifestatio n of their worst fears. Not only does she dispel their power over the downtrodden, but she is unnatural and able to gain power from the physical torment and torture forced upon her. Dopdis defiance causes her to break several societal expectations of her class and time. The very name Draupadi defies the boundaries of her class. As mentioned by the Liveries, Surja Sahus wife, an Indian, gives Draupadi her name. The name, which belongs to a character in the Mahabharata, is reserved solely for those Indians who are descended from the Aryans. The tribal people pre-dating the Aryan invasion have no right to heroic Sanskrit names. (p. 183) Also, the tribal people are considered untouchables throughout the story. They are considered unfit for any labor above the level of farming and are taken advantage of by the higher castes. Dopdis husband, Dulna, wants to be the ...

Charles Henry Turner, Pioneer Animal Behaviorist

Charles Henry Turner, Pioneer Animal Behaviorist Zoologist and educator Charles Henry Turner (February 3, 1867- February 14, 1923) is known for his work with insects and numerous animal behavioral experiments. Turner was the first to demonstrate that insects can hear and learn. He was also the first to demonstrate that honey bees have color vision and distinguish patterns. Fast Facts: Charles Henry Turner Born: February 3, 1867 in Cincinnati, OhioDied: February 14, 1923 in Chicago, IllinoisParents: Thomas and Addie Campbell TurnerSpouses: Leontine Troy (m. 1887-1895) and Lillian Porter (m. 1907-1923)Children: Henry Owen, Darwin Romanes, and Louisa Mae (with Troy)Education: Turner was the first African American to receive a graduate degree from the University of Cincinnati (M.S. in biology), and to earn a Ph.D. in zoology from the University of ChicagoPublished Works: The Homing of Ants: An Experimental Study of Ant Behavior (1907), Experiments on Color Vision of the Honey Bee (1910)Key Accomplishments: First to discover that bees see in color and recognize patterns. Early Years Charles Henry Turner was born in  1867 to Thomas Turner and Addie Campbell Turner in Cincinnati, Ohio. His father worked as a custodian in a church and his mother was a nurse. The couple were avid readers, who owned hundreds of books and encouraged their son to learn and discover more about the world around him. As a young boy, Turner was fascinated by insects and was curious about their behaviors. After graduating as class valedictorian from Gaines High School, he enrolled in the University of Cincinnati in 1886. Turner married Leontine Troy in 1887. The couple had three children during the marriage: Henry, Darwin, and Louisa Mae. While at the University of Cincinnati, Turner majored in biology and went on to earn his B.S. (1891) and M.S. (1892) degrees. In doing so, he became the first African American to earn a graduate degree from the University of Cincinnati. Career and Accomplishments An educator at heart, Turner gained employment at several schools and an assistantship at the University of Cincinnati. His ultimate desire was to head an African American institution of higher learning. After reportedly contacting Booker T. Washington of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute about potential teaching opportunities, Turner landed a position as a professor at Clark College in Atlanta, Georgia. He also served as chair of the Department of Science and Agriculture at the college from 1893 to 1905. During his time in Atlanta, his wife, Leontine, passed away (1895). Turner continued to pursue education and earned a Ph.D. in zoology from the University of Chicago in 1907. He became the universitys first African American recipient of such an advanced degree. That same year, he married Lillian Porter and taught biology and chemistry at Haines Normal and Industrial Institute in Atlanta. The couple later moved to St. Louis, Missouri, after Turner acquired a position at Sumner High School, where he continued to teach African American students from 1908 to 1922. Groundbreaking Research Charles Henry Turner is most noted for his groundbreaking research in animal behavior. He is reported to have published more than 70 papers in scientific journals, including the Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, American Naturalist, Journal of Animal Behaviour, and Science. Despite his impressive degrees and numerous published works, he was denied employment at major universities.   Turners research focused on the behaviors of various animals, including birds, ants, cockroaches, honeybees, wasps, and moths. One of his most notable research discoveries focused on the navigation of ants and was the subject of his doctoral dissertation, entitled The Homing of Ants: An Experimental Study of Ant Behavior, published in the Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology. Turner designed controlled experiments and mazes for testing the navigational abilities of ants. His experiments demonstrated that ants find their way by learning about their environment. He also identified a specific type of behavior in some ant species that later became known as Turners circling, as was referred to by French scientist Victor Cornetz. This circling behavior was observed when the ants returned to their nest. His later experiments with honey bees contributed to the better understanding of invertebrate animal behavior. These studies established that bees see in color and recognize patterns. His two papers on these studies, Experiments on Color Vision of the Honey Bee and Experiments on Pattern-Vision of the Honey Bee, appeared in Biological Bulletin in 1910 and 1911 respectively. Unfortunately, Turners contributions to the study of honey bee behavior were not cited by his contemporaries, such as Austrian zoologist Karl von Frisch, who published works concerning honey bee communication several years later. Turner conducted many other experiments and published papers that elucidated insect phenomenon such as hearing in moths, insects that play dead, and learning in cockroaches. Additionally, he published studies on bird and crustacean brain anatomy and is credited with discovering a new species of invertebrate.   Death and Legacy Throughout his life, Charles Henry Turner was an advocate for civil rights and argued that racism could be conquered through education. He published papers on the subject in 1897 and 1902. Turner retired from Summer High School in 1922 due to failing health. He moved to Chicago, Illinois, where he lived with his son Darwin until his death on February 14, 1923. Charles Henry Turner made lasting contributions to the fields of zoology and animal behavior. His experimental designs, observational methods, and investigations of vertebrate and invertebrate learning elucidated new ways of studying animal life. Sources Abramson, Charles I. Charles Henry Turner: Contributions of a Forgotten African-American to Honey Bee Research. Charles Henry Turner, Oklahoma State University, psychology.okstate.edu/museum/turner/turnerbio.html.DNLee. Charles Henry Turner, Animal Behavior Scientist. Scientific American Blog Network, 13 Feb. 2012, blogs.scientificamerican.com/urban-scientist/charles-henry-turner-animal-behavior-scientist/.  Turner, C. H. The Homing of Ants: An Experimental Study of Ant Behavior. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, vol. 17, no. 5, 1907, pp. 367–434., doi:10.1002/cne.920170502.  Turner, Charles Henry. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Encyclopedia.com, www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/turner-charles-henry.  Vincze, Judit. Turner, Charles H. (1867–1923) JRank Articles, encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/4485/Turner-Charles-H-1867-1923.html.